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Page Title: Oscilloscope Probes
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TM 9-254 8-6. Waveform Reading - Continued (6) One complete cycle should be displayed on the CRT (fig. 8-14).  Before you can calculate the frequency, you  must  first  compute  the  time  duration  of  one  complete  cycle.    Count  the  number  of  divisions  of horizontal deflection for one complete cycle and use the following formula to determine frequency. TIME DURATION = (HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION) X (HORIZONTAL SWEEP) (IN DIVISIONS FOR 1 CYCLE) (SETTING IN SECONDS) EXAMPLE: TIME DURATION = (10 DIVISIONS) X (.1 MILLISECONDS PER DIVISIONS) TIME DURATION = 1.0 MILLISECONDS To determine the frequency, use the following formula: 1 = 1 TIME DURATION .001 (IN SECONDS) 8-7. Oscilloscope Probes. a. General.  When a waveform is to be analyzed, a probe may be used.  Most probes have more than one tip which can be inserted on the end of the probe, figure 8-15.  These tips may be changed by unscrewing them from the end of the probe and screwing the desired tip in place.  A ground strap is also supplied with the probe.  The spring clip of the grounding strap clamps over the bared portion of cable at the upper end of the probe.  The other end of the ground strap uses an alligator clip for connection to chassis ground of the equipment under test.  This completes the ground connection between equipment under test and the oscilloscope. b. Attenuation Factor.  A probe may have an attenuation factor of ten or one hundred.  The signal amplitude is reduced  by  the  attenuation  factor  of  the  probe.    This  is  done  to  allow  for  the  measurement  of  signal  amplitudes  which exceeds the rated input capability of the vertical amplifier input channel.  When using a probe which has attenuation, an additional step must be added to the procedure for computing the voltage: (1) Count the number of divisions of vertical deflection. (2) Multiply number of divisions by the setting of the VOLT/DIV switch (2, fig. 8-9). (3) Multiply the results of step (2) above by the attenuation factor of the probe.  The result equals the peak- to-peak voltage of the displayed signal. c. Probe  Calibration  (fig.  8-16).    When  a  probe  is  used  with  an  oscilloscope  for  the  first  time  or  when  it  is transferred from one plug in unit to another, the probe must be adjusted or calibrated.  This will insure accurate attenuation of signals.  Calibrate the probe as follows: FREQUENCY = (IN HERTZ) .= 1000Hz 8-21

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