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TM 5-4210-220-12 1-12.  ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM.  - Continued b.  Fuel/Water Separator.  The fuel entering the fuel/water separator is filtered in three stages.  In. the first stage, liquid and solid contamination up to 30 microns in size, is removed by centrifugal action in the lower part of the filter unit, (see  fig.  1-20).    In  the  second  stage,  liquid  contamination  flows  with  the  fuel  into  the  filter  separator  shell.    The  liquid contamination  collects  on  the  surface  of  the  shell  and  on  the  replaceable  element  and  forms  drops.    As  these  drops become heavier, they fall to the bottom of the filter separator bowl.  In the third stage, the fuel flows through the filter element where minute solid particles are removed.  The separator unit is equipped with a thermostat-controlled electric disc heater.  This heater is set to switch on when the temperature of the fuel drops below 35 deg. F (2 deg. C).  When in operation,  the  heater  prevents  formations  of  wax  and  thereby  ensures  a  free  fuel  flow  through  the  filter.    The  electric circuit to the heater is controlled via the engine ignition switch. NOTE When the ambient temperature is below 35 deg. F (2 deg. C), the heater should always be on for a few minutes prior to start-up to ensure that the fuel in the separator is clear. Figure 1-20.  Fuel/Water Separator c.  Engine Fuel Pump and Secondary Filter  The fuel flowing from the fuel/water separator is delivered to the engine-driven fuel pump.  This pump is a gear-type unit which discharges the fuel at higher pressure to the secondary fuel filter.  In this filter, impurities that escaped filtration in the fuel/water separator are removed. d.    Fuel  Injectors.    From  the  secondary  filter,  the  fuel  flows  to  the  engine  injectors  where  it  is  metered  and atomized into the engine cylinders.  Excess fuel is circulated around the injectors to cool them and returned to the tank through the fuel return line and check valve.  The check valve prevents system draining or back flow when the engine is shut down. 1-27

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