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TRUCK SERVICE MANUAL TM 5-4210-230-14&P-1 DESCRIPTION The  various  axles  contained  in  this  section  are  full  floating, single  reduction  units.    Fig.  1  illustrates  the  single  reduction differential assembly. Fig.  1  Differential Assembly The construction of rear axles may vary as to design, but the fundamental    components    of    the    axles    perform    similarly regardless of the type.  The basic parts of the axle with which the  serviceman  will  be  concerned  are  the  drive  gears,  the differential assembly, the axle shafts, and the housing. MAINTENANCE Lubrication The most important item of axle maintenance about which the truck   operator   must   be   concerned   is   lubrication.      For   this reason    factory    recommendations    on    lubrication    intervals, methods   of   filling,   lubricant   levels,   draining   and   type   of lubricant must be followed to assure long life and satisfactory performance.        Inspect    the    axle    frequently    for    lubricant leakage,   especially   around   housing   covers,   pinion   oil   seal retainer  and  axle  shaft  flanges.    When  necessary,  change gaskets    or    seals    and    keep    nuts    or    bolts    tight.        See "Lubrication"  section  in  the  Operator's  Manual  provided  with each truck. Axle Housing Breather Valve To prevent a pressure build-up in the axle housing when the' axle   becomes   warm   after   a   short   period   of   operation,   a breather valve, Fig.  2, is provided in rear axles.  Without this valve the resulting pressure could force the axle lubricant past the rear wheel oil seals and damage  the  brake  linings.    The  valve  is  so  constructed  that warm air may pass out of the axle to relieve built-up pressure, yet dirt and moisture are prevented from entering. The breather valve should be kept open and clean.  When the truck  is  operated  off  highway  on  unimproved  roads  or  in  ice and snow, dirt may sometimes be forced under the valve cap and  cause  the  valve  to  become  ineffective.    Remove  valve occasionally and clean thoroughly in a cleaning solution. Fig.  2  Location of Breather Valve in Axle Housing Alignment The  rear  axle  should  also  be  checked  at  regular  intervals  to determine if there is any misalignment of the axle with frame or  drive  line.    Evidence  of  misalignment  may  sometimes  be noted  at  the  U-bolts.    To  check  for  axle  misalignment,  lay  a straightedge  across  and  at  right  angles  to  the  truck  frame. The  straightedge  should  be  longer  than  the  axle  tread  and clamped to the frame a short distance ahead of the rear axle. Measure  the  distance  between  the  straightedge  and  identical points at each end of the axle assembly.  When distances are not equal, misalignment is indicated, and rear springs and U- bolts must be checked for correct assembly. Drive Gears These IH rear axles have the hypoid type of drive as illustrated in Fig.  3. Because of the offset type of construction, CTS-2095S-CHAPTER I-Page 3 PRINTED IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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